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?????????; ???????????????	?????????????; 13°45′N 100°29′E? / ?13.750°N 100.483°E
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????????	?????; ???????; ????????; ?????; ????; ???;
??????????????? (2562)	86% ???; –39% ??????????; –28% ?????; –10% ??????? ; –9% ?????????? ; 3% ???? ; 2% ?????; 9% ??????????? 68 ?????; 4% ??????;
????? (2566)	91% ????; 5.2% ??????; 2.1% ??????; 0.2% ??????????; 0.03% ?????; 0.1% ???? ?;
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?????????	????????? ?????????? ??????????????????????????
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??????????????	??????
? ??????	???????
? ???????	??????????????
??????
? ???????????????	1792 – 1981
? ??????????????	1893 – 7 ?????? 2310
? ??????????????	6 ????????? 2310 – 6 ?????? 2325
? ????????????????????	6 ?????? 2325
? ??????????????????????????	24 ???????? 2475
? ??????????????????????	6 ?????? 2560
???????
? ???	513,120 ????????????? (198,120 ?????????) (????????? 50)
? ???????? (%)	0.4 (2,230 ?????????????)
???????
? 2566 ??????	71,715,119 (????????? 20)
? ????????????? 2553	64,785,909 (????????? 21)
? ???????????	132.1 ???????????????? (342.1 ????????????) (????????? 88)
?????? (?????????)	2567 (??????)
? ???	1.644 ???????????????????? (????????? 23)
? ??????	23,401 ???????????? (????????? 74)
?????? (????????)	2567 (??????)
? ???	548.890 ??????????????????? (????????? 26)
? ??????	7,812 ???????????? (????????? 88)
???? (2564)	35.1; ???????
??????? (2566)	0.798; ??? · ????????? 76
????????	??? (?) (THB)
???????	UTC+7 (ICT)
????????????	??/??/???? (?.?.)
?????????	???????
????????????	+66
???? ISO 3166	TH
??????????	.th; .???;

百度所以说在这种情况下从比赛开始的那一刻两队就打非常凶，虽然北京打出了一个非常好的开局并且一度把比分的优势给扩大到接近15分，但是在进入下半场之后辽宁便吹起了反扑的号角最终在客场以以75:72击败北京队，大比分3:1挺进4强。

????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ???? (???????????????????????? ?.?. 2482) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? 66 ??????^[9] ????????? 513,115 ????????????? (198,115 ?????????)^[10] ?????????????????????????????????????????????????^[11]

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 40,000 ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 5 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 8-10 ??????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ? ?????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ?.?. 1893 ????????? ? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 14 ??????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2054 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2310 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ???????????????????????????????? 15 ?? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2325 ???????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????^[12] ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? 1950 ?????????????????????????? ???????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

????????????????????????????????????????? 2475 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ? ???????????????? 1970 ??? 1990 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ???????????????? 2000 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ???????????????????????????????????? 2 ???? ???????????????????????????? 2 ????? (?.?. 2549 ??? ?.?. 2557) ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2562 ?????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2563–2564 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[13]

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? 2 ???????????????????????? ????????????????? 23 ???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? 29 ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????????????????????????????^[14]^[15]

?????????

SPPM Mongkut Rex Siamensium (???????????????????????? ???????????????) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????

????????????????????????????????? "????" ?????????? 2000^[16]^:?73? ????? ?????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? (Syam) ????????????????????????????????????? 11^[17]^{:?190–191,?194–195?} ???????????????????????????? "????" ???? "???????" ???^[18] ????????? "?????" ???? ??????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????^[16]^:?217?

?????????????????????????? ???? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? 2399^[19] ????? ??????????? 24 ???????? 2482 ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ??????? 1 ????????????????? ???????????????????? ????????????? "????" ?????? "???" ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[20]^:?57–8? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ??????? 2488 ???????????????????????????????????????? 2491 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? "Siam" ??????????????????????????? ???? "Tha?lande" ?????????????? ??? "Thailand" ???????????????????????????^[18] ???????????? ???? ???? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????

???????????????????????? ????? "???" ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2482 ??????????????? ? ???????????????????????? "????" ????????? 2488–2491 ??????????????? ???????????????????????? ????? "???" ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

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?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 20,000 ??^[22]^:?4? ??????????????????????????????????? 2,000 ??????????????^[21]^:?4? ??????????????????????? 1,250–1,000 ???????????????????????????????????????????^[21]^:?4? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[23] ?????? 500 ???????????????????????????????????^[21]^:?5? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? 2 ????????????^[22]^:?5? ????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 6 ?????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 9^[22]^:?7? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? 10^[22]^:?5?

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????^[24]^:?2? ??????????????????????????????????????????? 6 ???????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[25]

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???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 13 ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????^[24]^:?38–9? ?????????????????????? 13 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????^[24]^:?50–1? ?????????????????? 1240 (???????? 1780) ????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????^[24]^:?52–3? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????????????????????^[24]^:?55? ??????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[24]^:?55–6? ????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? 1 (????) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?.?. 1839 ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????^[26]^:?8? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????????????????????? 11^[26]^:?8?

???????????????????????

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? 1 (?????????????) ?????????????????????????????? 1893 ????????????????????^[27]^:?4? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[28]^:?355? ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[29] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[27]^:?17? ?? ?.?. 1912, 1931 ??? 1974 ?????????????????????????????????? (?????) ?????????????????????????? ???????????????^[27]^:?26? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[27]^:?31? ??????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?107? ??????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????^[22]^:?11,?13? ???????????????????????????????????

????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2054 ???????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?131? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[27]^:?5? ??????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2112^[30]^:?146–7? ??????????????????????????????? 15 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????^[26]^:?11?

??????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?164–5? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????????????????????????? 16 ??? 17 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[21]^:?ix? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ?.?. 2231^[30]^:?185–6? ??????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?186?

???????????????????????????????????????????????? 24 ??????????????????????????????????????? "???????????????" ??????????????????????^[27]^:?84? ??????????????????? ? ????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? 2310 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 150 ??^[31]^:?22? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 5 ??? ???????????? ??????? (??????????????????????????????????) ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2319^[30]^:?225? ?????????????????????????? ?.?. 2321^[30]^:?227–8? ????????????????????????? 15 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? 6 ?????? 2325

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?????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2328 ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[32] ?? ?.?. 2364 ????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 19^[33] ?? ?.?. 2369 ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????????-???????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?281? ?????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????^[30]^:?283–5? ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?285–6? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?290–2?

?????????????????????????? 19 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?308? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?311? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[34] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? (???? ??????) ???????????????????^[30]^:?327?

????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?329–30? ??????????????????? ?.?. 2417 ??????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?331–3? ????????????????? 1870–1880 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?334–5? ?? ?.?. 2430 ????????????????? 12 ??????????????????????????? ?^[30]^:?347? ?? ?.?. 2436 ?????????????? ?.?. 112 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?350–3? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[35] ??????????????????????? 20 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?358–9? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?362–3? ?? ?.?. 2448 ????????????????????????????? ??????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?371–3?

?? ?.?. 2454 ??????? ?.?. 130 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?397? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?402? ?????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?404? ?? ?.?. 2460 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?^[30]^:?407? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?408?

?????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[22]^:?25? ?????? 24 ???????? ?.?. 2475 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ?.?. 2476 ????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????^[30]^:?446–8? ?? ?.?. 2477 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2478 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?448–9?

?????????????? ?.?. 2481 ????? ??????????????? (???????? ???? ???????????) ??????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?457? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????^[22]^:?28? ?????? 23 ???????? ?.?. 2482 ????????????????????????? "????" ?????? "???" ?? ?.?. 2484 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ?^[30]^:?462? ?????? 8 ??????? ?????????? ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?465? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?465–6? ???????????????? ?.?. 2488 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??????????????? ?.?. 2489 ????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ?.?. 2490 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????? "???????????????" ????????? ?.?. 2490 ??? 2500 ???????, ?????? ????????, ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ?.?. 2497 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (?????) ???????????????????????????^[30]^:?493? ?? ?.?. 2500 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?511? ?????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?514? ????? ?.?. 2504 ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?523?

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (???.) ???????????? ?.?. 2507^[30]^:?528? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?534? ????????????? 2514 ??????????????????????????????????? ???? ???????? ?????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?541–3? ??????????? "????????? 14 ????" ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2475 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ?????????????? "?????????????????????"

????????

????????????? 14 ???? ?.?. 2516 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?544,?546? ????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????^[30]^:?547? ??????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ?^[30]^:?548? ?????? ?.?. 2519 ??????????????????????????????????????????? "????????? 6 ????"^[30]^:?548–9? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ???????????????????????^[30]^:?549? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????? "?????????????????????????????????????????????????"^[30]^:?552? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2520^[30]^:?552–3? ???????????????????????????? ????????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ??????????? ???????????????????????^[24]^:?553–4?

???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2523^[20]^:?60? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2526^[30]^:?557? ???????????????????????????????? "??????????????????" ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2531 ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? 2534 ?????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[24]^:?572–3? ???????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? "?????????" ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????????????????????

?? ?.?. 2540 ???????????????????????????????? "??????????????" ???????????????????????? 40 ???????????^[36]^:?3? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[30]^:?576? ????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????^[30]^:?576? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????????????? 2544 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????^[37] ??????????????????????????????????^[38] ???????????????????????????????????????????????^[39] ?? ?.?. 2547 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? ?.?. 2548 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????^[40] ????????????? 2548 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (???.) ????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? 2549 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2550

????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2550 ???????????????? ????? ???. ?????????????????? ?.?. 2551 ???????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? 3 ???? ??????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ?.?. 2552 ??? ?.?. 2553 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 70 ?? ?????????????????????? 2554 ?????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????????????? 65 ??????? ??????? "??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????"^[41]

?????? ?.?. 2556 ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[42] ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2 ?????????? ?.?. 2557 ??????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? 22 ??????? ?.?. 2557 ????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? 20 ?? ????????????????????????????????????????????????^[43]^:?281–2? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[44] ????????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ?.?. 2559 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[43]^:?286? ??????? ?.?. 2560 ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????

?????????????????????????????? (???.) ?????????????????? 5 ?? 1 ????? 3 ??????? 3 ??? ???. ????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2562 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ?? ?.?. 2563 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????-19 ????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????^[45] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[46]

???????? 22 ??????? ?.?. 2566 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^{[??????????????]} ?????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? (??????????? ???.) ???????????????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? (?????????????? ???.) ??????????????? ??????????????????? (?????????????????????) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? 30 ????????? ??????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 15 ??^[47] ????????????? 14 ??????? 2567 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? "??????????????????????????"^[48] ???????? ??????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[49]

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?????????

?????????????????????????????? "???????????????????????????????????" ????????????????????????????????^[53] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? 18–34 °C^[54]

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????????????????????????????? ?????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2559 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[a] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? "??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????"^[69]^:?461? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[70]^[71]

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???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????? 500 ??????????????????????????? 400 ?? ??????????????? 100 ?? ?????? 4 ?? ????????????????????????????????? 2566 ???????????????????????????????????????????? 200 ?? ?????? 5 ?? ????????????????????????????? 2567 ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????
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???????? 24 ??????? ?.?. 2565 ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????????????????????? ???????? 37 ??????????????????????????????????? 11 ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2566 ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????? 24 ???????? ?.?. 2568 "?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 63 ?? 3 ????? ??? 93 ?????????????????????????????????? 2475^[77]

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????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? 11 ????????????????????????????????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????????

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???????????????????????? 75 ????????????????????????????????????? ?? 2567^[99]

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??????? 2555 ????????????????????????????? 152,228 ?? ?????????????????????????????????? (?????? 92.5)^[103]^:?v? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ???????^[103]^:?vi? ???????????????????????????????????? 7,879 ?? ???????????????????????????????? (?????? 79.8)^[103]^:?vii? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? 66.6 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (?????? 67.2 ??? 55 ????????)^[103]^:?26?

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???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[36]^:?3? ????????? 2508 ??? 2539 ???????????????????????????????????????????? 7 ????? ???????????? 2530 ??? 2539 ???????????????? "???????????" ???????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????^[36]^:?3? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[36]^:?9? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 23^[36]^:?12? ????????????????????????? ?.?. 2540 ???????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2539^[36]^:?21–2? ??????????????????????? 10.5 ???? 2541^[36]^:?30?

??????????????????????????????????? 2546^[36]^:?53? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????^[36]^:?32? ????????? 2542 ??? 2550 ???????????????????????????? 2.1 ??? 7.1 ?????^[138] ???????????????????????????????????????? 2553 ?????????????????????????????????????????????? 4–5 ????????????? 5–7 ??????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[139] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2557 ???????? ???????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[43]^:?300? ?????????????????????? 6.1 ?????????????????????????-19 ????????????????????????????????????????????^[140] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????????????? 7 ?? (????????????????? 2564) ????????????????? 8.47 ???????????^[141] ?????????????????????????? 2565 ???????????????????????????????????????????????? 42.50 ?????????? 60.58 ?? 8 ??^[142]

???? 2560 ???????????????????????? 3.9 ?????????????????????? ?????????????????? 3.3 ???? 2559 ????????????????????????????????????????????? 2555^[143] ???????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????-19 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 60% ???? 70% ?????????^[144]

????????????? 2567 ????? ?????????????????????????????????, ?????????????, ????????????????????????, ?????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????^[145]^[146] ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? 2% ?????????????????????????????????????????????????^[147]

???????????? ??????????????????????????

**?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????**^[148]^:?15–6?
????????????	???????
???????????? 20	0.5
???????????? 40	3.5
???????????? 60	12.5
???????????? 20	69.5

??????????????????????????????????????????????? 1,469 ???????????????? 2559^[148]^:?98? ???????????? 605 ???????????????? 2543^[148]^:?34? ??????????????????????????? 55 ????????????????????????????????? 2560^[149] ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? 2549 ??????????????????????^[122]^:?3? ???? 2559 ???????????????????????????????????????? 87 ^[124] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 70^[150] ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 406.9 ????????????????????????????????????????^{[???????? 1]}

???? 2560 ?????????????????????????????? 26,946 ???^[152]^:?1? ???????????????????????????????? 20 ????????????????????????????? 45.0 ??????????????????????????????????? 20 ????????????????????????????? 7.1^[152]^:?4? ?????????????????? 40 ???????????????????????????????? 5,344 ??????????????????????? 26.9 ??????^[153]^:?5? ???? 2556 ??????????????? ????. ???????? (?????? 32) ????????????????????? 50,000 ??????????? ???? ???. ???????? (?????? 27) ????????????????? 10,000–20,000 ???????????^[154]^:?7?

???? 2559 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 3 ???????????????????????????????????^[155] ?????????????? 10 ?????????????????????? 79 ?????????^[155] ???????????? 50 ???????????????????????????????????????????? 30 ????????????^[155]

???? 2559 ?????????????????? 5.81 ?????? ?????????? 8.6 ?????????? ???????????? "?????????" (near poor) ??????????????? 11.6 ?????? ?????????? 17.2 ??????????^[153]^:?1? ???? 2559 ????????????????????? ?????? ?????????????????????????????? 12.96, 12.35 ??? 9.83 ????????????????????????????^[153]^:?2? ???? 2560 ??????????????????????????????? (?????????????? 100,000 ????????) ???????????????????????????????? 14 ??????^[155] ?????? 2560 ??????????????????????????? 11.76 ???????????^[120]^:?5? ???? 2553 ??????????????????????????? (????????????????????????) ????????????? 3 ??????????????????????^[122]^:?5? ???? 2560 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 99.69 ??????????????????????^[120]^:?36? ???? 2559 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 30,000 ??^[156]

???.?. 2566 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 14.2 ??????^[157]

?????????

??????????????????????????????????? 1960 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[158] ????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????^[158] ???? 2555 ???????????????????????????? 165,600 ????????????? ??????? 32.3% ????????????????^[159] ?????????????????? 55% ??????????? ???? 2551 ?????????????????????? 10 ??????? ????????????? 33% ????????????????????^[160] ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????^[161]

???????????????????????????????????????????????????^[162] ????????????? 40 ?????????????????^[163] ??????????????????????????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????????????????^[159] ???? ????????????????????^[164] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? 5 ??????^[165] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[166]

??????????

???????????????????????? ???? 2.7 ???????????? ????????????? 99.7 ?????????????????????????????????? (SME) ???? 2560 SME ??????????????????????? 80.3 ???????????????????? (13 ??????) ???? 2556 ??????????????????? SME ????????????? 37.4 ??????????? SME ?????? 70 ?????????????? "????????"^[167]^:47

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? 15 ??????????????????? ???? 2557 ?????????????????????????? 55,000 ???????????????? ????????????? 780,000 ?????? 2558 ????????????? 12.2 ???????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[168] ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 9 ??????^[169] ????????????????????? 417,000 ??????????? 2558 ????????????? 10 ???????????????^[170]^:12-13 ??????????????? 70 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[170]^{:39, xix}

???????

???????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? 80% ?????????? ???? 2553 ???????????????????????????????????????? (39%) ?????????? ???????????? (31%) ???????????????? (16%) ?????????? (13%) ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????^[171] ???? 2558 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1.253 ????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????^[172] ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ??? 35–60% ???????????????^[173] ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????^[174]

???? 2554 ????????????????????????????????????????? 32.4 ????????? ??????????????????????????????? (71%) ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2569^[171] ???? 2565 ????????????????????????????????????????????????? 40–60% ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[175]

???? 2561 ?????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2561–2580 ??????????????????????????????????????????? 30,000 ???????????????? 2580^[176]

????????

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[177]^:?269? ???????????????? 85 ??? 86 ???????????????????????????????^[178]^:?25? ????????????????????????? 390,000 ????????^[179] ????????????????? 462,133 ???^[180] ???????????????????? 51,776 ???????????????????????? ? ????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? 150 ????????^[178]^:?22? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 80^[177]^:?276? ???? 2560 ???????????????????????????? 37 ??????? ????????????????? 20 ??????? ?????????????????????????????????????^[180] ???? 2555 ??????????????????????????????????? 488 ????????????? 1,000 ?? ??????????????????????????^[181]^:?40? ???? 2561 ???????????????????????????????? 80,647 ???^[182] ????????????????????????????? 114 ???????????????????????^[183] ???? 2559 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????^[184] ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? 30,000 ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[179]

????????????????????? 4,034 ???????? ???????????????????????????????????? 1.4 ??????????????????????????? 2558^[179] ???? 2555 ????????????????? 41 ??????^[181]^:?59? ???????????????????? (???.) ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[185]^[186] ???????????? ???????????????????????????????????

???????????????????????? ??? ???????????? (????????) ???????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? 4 ??????????????: ??????????????, ?????????????, ??????????????? ???????? ??????????????????? ??? ????? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????? ????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 27 ??????? ?.?. 2537 ??????????????????? ?.?. 2538 ?????????????^[187]

????????????????????????????? 38 ????^[188]^:?3? ???? 2559 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 20 ??????^[189] ?????????????????????????????????????????? 1,750 ???????? ??????????????????????????????????? 8 ????^[178]^:?31? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? 132 ???? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[178]^:?32?

?????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????? 6% ??????????????????? ???? 2562 ??????????????????????????????????? 39.8 ?????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????^[190] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 336,000 ??? ??????????????????? 54,000 ??????? 2510^[191] ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????????????^[192]

?????????????????????????? (???.) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2522^[193] ????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[192]

????????????????????????????????? 6 ????? ?????? ??????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????-?????????? ????????????-??????? ?????????????????????

??????????????????????????? 9 ?????????????????????????????????????????? 2559^[194] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2558 ????????????????????????????????? 35 ??? 141 ?????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[195]

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????? 2546 ????????????? 4.3 ??????????????????????????????????? 3 ???????????^[196] ???????????????????????????????????????? 10 ?????????????^[197] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 5 ?????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2.5 ?????????? 2561^[198] ????????????? 1 ????????????^[199] ????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ??????? 90% ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????^[200]

???????????????????????

???????????????????????????????????????????????? 45 ??????????????????????????? 2561^[201] ???? 2556 ?????????????????????????????????????? 1.7 ??????????????????? ????????????????? 0.5 ????????? ?????????????????????????? 51.3 ???????????????????? 48.7 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[202]^:?74? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? 2552 ???????????????????????? 38,500 ??????????????????????? (FTE) 22,000 ??^[202]^:?74? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????^[202]^:?75? ???? 2553 ????????????????????????????? 1,925 ???? ?????????????? 772 ???? ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? 90 ?????????????????????^[202]^:?75? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????-??????? (APSCO) ????????????????????????^[202]^:?79?

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2551 ???????????????????????????????? ????., ??????????????????????????????????????????????? (??.) ?????????????????????????????????????? (TCELS) ???????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????^[202]^:?80?

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????-???????????????-??????????????-??????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[203]^:?103?

?????????????

???????

??????????
??	???????	±%
2453	8,131,247	—
2462	9,207,355	+13.2%
2472	11,506,207	+25.0%
2480	14,464,105	+25.7%
2490	17,442,689	+20.6%
2503	26,257,916	+50.5%
2513	34,397,371	+31.0%
2523	44,824,540	+30.3%
2533	54,548,530	+21.7%
2543	60,916,441	+11.7%
2553	65,926,261	+8.2%
??????????: [1] ?????????????????????

??????????????????????? ?????????????????? 69,183,173 ??^[204] ???????????????????? 20 ?????? ???????????????????????????? 2563^[205]^:?i? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? 2513 ??? 2533 ???????????????????????????????????? 5.5 ????? 2.2 ????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????^[205]^:?i? ???? 2552 ???????????????????????????????? 1.5^[205]^:?4? ???? 2553 ???????????????????????????? 13 ??? 1,000^[205]^:?31? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 15 ??????? 2573^[205]^:?32? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? 2563^[205]^:?7?

????????????????????????????? ???????????????? 15–19 ???????????????? 2553 ???????? 330,000 ??^[205]^:?28? ??????? 2552 ??????????????????????????????? 19 ??????? 765,000 ??^[205]^:?31? ???? 2549–2552 ???????????????????? 60,000 ???????^[205]^:?28?

????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? 75–95 ?????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ??? ????????????? 30 ?????????????????? 22 ???????????? 9 ???????????? 7 ????????????????????????? 14 ?????????? ???????????????????????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ?????? 40 ??????????^[206] ????????????????????????????????????????? 62 ?????^[207] ??????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????^[208]^:?179–83?

???? 2553 ???????????????????????????????????? 34 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ???^[205]^:?14? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[205]^:?14? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? (urban primacy) ??????? 2536 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 7.5 ??? 11 ????^[205]^:?14? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????^[205]^:?ix? ??????????? 2550 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2.8 ?????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????^[205]^:?ix?

??????? 2553 ???????????????????? 13 ?? ????????? 38,001,676 ?? ????? 3,833,699 ?? ???? 670,030 ?? ????????????? 16,957,651 ??^[209]

???????

?????

????????????????^[211]
?????		%
????	?	94.6%
??????	?	4.2%
??????	?	1.1%
???? ?	?	0.1%

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????^[212] ?????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2560 ?????????? "?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [...] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????" ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[213] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ????????????????????????????????????????????^[214]

????????????????????????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????????^[215] ????????????????????????????????/???????????????????????? (WIN/GIA) ???? 2560 ????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? 98 ????????????????????? 1 ???????????????????????????? 1^[216]

??????????????????????? ?.?. 2557 ????????????????????????? ???????????? 94.6^[211] ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2 ?????????????????????^[217] ???? 2559 ?????????????????????? 40,580 ???^[218] ????????? 33,749 ??? ????????? 6,708 ?????????????^[219] ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1^[220]^:?157? ??????????????????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????????????????? 4.2^[211] ???????????????????? 99^[221] ?????????????????????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????^[221] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? 18 ????????????????????^[221] ?????????????????? 3,943 ????^[222] ???????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????^[221] ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 13^[221] ????????????????????????????????????? 1.1^[211] ???????? (?????? 54.56) ??????????????????????^{[???????? 2]} ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 16 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[223] ????????? ?????????????????????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? 0.1^[211] ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????????????? (???? ??????????????????????????) ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????^[224] ??????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? 17

????

???????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? 5 ?????????? 62 ???????????????

?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????-???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????; ??????????????????????? ???? ???????; ?????????????-????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????

??????????????? 5 ?????????????
(??????????????????????? 1 ?????)
????	??????????? (??)
?????????????????? 2543^[225]
???????	52,325,037
????????	1,291,024
?????????	1,202,911
?????????????	317,968
???????	231,350
???????	112,686

????????

???????????????????????????????????????????????? 2464^[226]^:?104? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 12 ?? ????????????????????????????? 9 ?? (?????????????????? 3) ???????????? 2555 ?????????????????????????????? 16,376,906 ?? ?????????????? 13,931,095 ?? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (???.) 2,445,811 ?? ???????? ????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2 ?????????????^[227]

?????????????? 99 ????????????????????????????? ?????? 85 ???????????????????????????????????^[228] ???????????? 75 ????????????????????????????????^[229]^:46 ????????????????? 100 ????????????????? ?? 85.6 ??????????????? ?. 1; 79.6 ????????????????? ?. 3 ???????? 54.8 ?????????????????? ?. 6 ????????????????^[230] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

?????????????????????????????????? 93.5^[231] ??????????????????????? 5 ????????????? 100 ???????????????????????????????^[232] ??????????????? 2556 ???????????????????????????????????? 3.9 ????????? ????????? 20.6 ?????????????????? ???????????????????? ? ?????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? 8 ???????????????????????^[233] ???? 2563 ??????????????????????????? 89 ??? 100 ??????????????????????????????????^[234] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????^[235]^:?15–16? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

????????????????? 72,780 ????????????????????? 2553 ????????? 2554 ?????????????????????? 1 ?????????????????? 3 ????? ?????????????????????????????????????? 98.53 (?????????? 100) ???????? ?????? ???? ?????????????????? ??? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????^[236] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 10^[237] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[228] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????^[238]^[239]^[240]

???????????????????????????????????????????????? 27,000 ???????????????????????????????????????^[241] ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????-19^[242]

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? 20,000 ?????? 2555 ?????????????????????? ???? ??????????????????^[243]

?????????

???? 2558 ???????????????????????????????????? 75 ?? (??? 71 ?? ???? 79 ??)^[244] ???? 2558 ??????????????????????? 10.8 ??????????????? 1,000 ??^[245] ???????????????????????? 6 ?????? ????????? 1 ???????????????????????????????????????????? 2562 ?????????????? 195 ??????^[246] ????????????????????????????????????????????? 10 ??????????????? ????????????????????????? 62 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (JCI)^[247] ??????? 2545 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

????????? 2552–56 ??????????????????????? 60 ?? ????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????/????? ???????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????????????? 60 ?????????????????????/?????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ??????????^[248]^:?141? ???? 2557 ???????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ????????????????? ???????? ????????????, ???????????????? ??????????????????^[248]^:?144? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????^[249] ???? 2552 ?????????????????????????????? ??? 1,000 ???????????? ??????????????????? 60 ???????^[250]^:?1?

???? 2555 ???????????????????????????????????????????? 3.9 ????????? ?????????? 14.2 ???????????????????????^[251] ???????????????????????????????????????????? 2545 ??????????????????????? 99^[252] ???? 2552 ?????????????????????????????????? 75.8 ??????????? ????????? 24.2 ????????????? ???? 2547 ????????????????????????????????????? 2.98 ?????????? 10,000 ??^[253] ????????? 2533 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????? 13 ?????? ??????????????????? 159 ???^[254] ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ?????????????????????????????????????^[255] ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????^[256]????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[257] ^[258] ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[259]????????? 1669 ???????????? ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????^[260]^[261] ??????????????????? 2561 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[262]

????????

?????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ??? ???????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????????????^[263]^:?589–90? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?. ???????????

??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????^[263]^:?595–6?

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????^[264]^:?7? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (???????????????????????????) ?????????????????????????????^[264]^:?7? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ????????????????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????????????????????????????????????????^[264]^:?11? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ???????

??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ???????????????????????^[265]^:?146?

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ? ????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (bamboo network)^[266]

?????

??????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ??????? ???-???? ????? ??? ??????? ????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????^[267]^:?59? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????^[267]^:?70?

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2475 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????^[22]^:?113?

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ?????? ??????????????????????? ?????????? 3,600 ??

?????

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[268] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[269] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? 100 ??????????????????^[270] ?????????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????^[165] ?????????????????????????????? ??? ???????????? ???????????????????????????????????^[226]^:?45? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????^[271] ???????????????????????????????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????????????^[272]

??????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????? ??????? "???????????????????????????????????????????????????"^[273] ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ?????????????????????, ?????????????????, ??????????????? ?????????????????????

??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[274]^[275] ??????? 2554 ???????? CNNgo ???????????? 50 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[276] ???????????????????? 50 ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[277] ????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? 2560 ????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????

????????????

??????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ???? 2470 ?????????????? ?????????? ???????????????? 35 ????????? ???-?? ?????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[278] ?????????? 2490 ???????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ? ??????? ????????????????????????????????? 16 ???????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2516–2529 ???????????????????????? 2530–2539 ????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ????????????????????

???????????????????????????????????? ???? ?????????????? ????????? (2548) ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ????????????????? (2553) ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 63 ?????????????????????????????????????????????^[279] ?????????????? ??????..??????? ????????????? 2556 ?????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????^[280] ????????????? ???????????? (2560) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[281] ???????????????????????????? ?????????? ????????????? Jury Award ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? 42 ??????????????????^[282] ???????? ??????????? (2547) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????^[283] ??????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

???????????????????????????????????????????? 2.1 ??????????????????????? 2554 ???????????????????? 86,600 ???????^[284] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????^[285]^[286] ??????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???? ?????????????????????????? ?????????????^[287] ?????????????^[288]^[289]

???????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ?????^[290], ??????? ???????? ??? ???????

????????????????

??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????^[291]^:?1? "???" ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????^[291]^:?3? ???????????????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ?????????????????^[291]^:?3? ????? ?????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ???????????????????????????????? ?????? ??????????????^[291]^:?13? ??????????????????? 1800 (???????? 2340) ????? 2475 ??????????? "???????" ???????????????^[291]^:?15? ???????????????????? 1930 ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[291]^:?16? ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[291]^:?17?

??????????????????????????? ??? ?????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? 108 ???^[292]^:?46? ????????????????????????????? ???????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????????????????^[265]^:?62–3? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????^[265]^:?64? ???????????? ???????????????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????????????? ???????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????

?????????????

????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ????? "?????????????????????" ???? ??????????????????? (?????????), ???????????????????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? "?????????" ????????? ???????????????????? ? ???? ????????????????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ???????^[293]

?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ????????????? ??? ????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????^[265]^:?137–9?

????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ? ???? ????????????????????????????????????? 1960 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[294]^:?122?

????????

??????????????????????????????????????? ? ?????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ? ???????????????????????????????????????^[295]^:?65? ??????????????????????????????????????? ? ???????? ???? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???? ????????????, ??????????, ??????????????????????????????????, ?????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????

???????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???? ????????????????????????^[295]^:?68? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ???? ????????????????? ????? ??????????????????????????????? 2387 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????????????^[295]^:??69–70? ???????????????????? 2475 ???????????????????????????????????? (popular literature) ????????????????????????????????^[295]^:?70? ???????????????????????? ???? ???????????????????? ??????, ?????????????????????? ??????, ???? ????????, ????? ????????? (?.???????????), ????????? ?????????, ???? ??????????, ???? ???????? ????????? ??????????? (????????)^[296]^:?227?

????

?????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[294]^:?107? ??????????????????????? ???? ??????? ???????, ?????? ????????, ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????^[297] ??????????????????? 19 ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 20 ???????????????????????????????^[298]^:?38?

?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 7 ???? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? 1972 ?????????????????????????? ???? 2019 ??? 2023 ???????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? 2015 ????? 2019 ???????????????????????????????????????? ???? ???????? ???????, ????????????? ?????????, ???????? ?????, ?????? ???????????, ?????? ???????? ???????

????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ???????? (kite fighting) ?????????????????^[299] ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????, ???????????????????????, ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 3 ???? ?????????????????????????? 1 ???? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???? ?????????? ??????, ????? ??????, ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ????

??????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? 61 ??????^[300] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 80 ???? 2548 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ???????????????????????^[301] ?????????????????? 200 ????????????????????????????????????????^[302]

????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 1952 ???????????????????????? ?.?. 2002 ???????????????????????????????????^[303] ??????????????????? ??????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1996 ???????????????????????????????????^[303] ????????????????????????????????????????????? 4 ????? (?.?. 1966, 1970, 1978 ??? 1998) ?????????? 6 ????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? 13 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? 50,000 ??????? ?????????????????????????????????????????^[304]

?????????

????????????????????? 2558 ???????????????????????????? "???????" ????????????????????? 166 ??? 199 ???????????????????????^[305] ????????????????? 2549 ??? 2557 ??????????????????????????????????

?????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? 80 ????????????????????????????^[306] ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2563^[307]

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? 1 ??????????????^[308] ???? ????? ???????? 900,000 ????^[308] ?????????????????????????????????????? ????????????? 15–24 ?? ?????? 50.1 ???????????????????????? 2558 ????????????? 61.7 ???? 2556 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????^[309]

???? 2559 ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? 43.87 ??????^[310] ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? 2560 ????? ??????????????????????????????????? 6 ??????? 30 ??????????^[311]^:?30? ???? 2559 ????? ??????????? 6 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (90.4%) ????????????? ???????????????????? (50.1%) ??????????????? (24.9%) ?????????????????????? (15.2%)^[312]^:?8?

????????

↑ ???? 2558 ??????????????????????????????? 4,437,405 ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????? 11,448 ???????^[151]
↑ ?? ??????????????????????????????????????????

↑ ???? ????????? 9 ??????????????????????? ?.?. 2516 ???????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2519 ????????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2524 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????^[24]^:?558–9?

???????

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↑ "Thailand". The World Factbook (2025 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. ??????????? 24 September 2022. (Archived 2022 edition)
↑ (?????????) National Statistics Office, "100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand" ???????? 12 ??????? 2012 ??? ??????????????. popcensus.nso.go.th.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Thailand)". imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 16 April 2024. ????????????????????? 16 April 2024. ??????????? 16 April 2024.
↑ "Gini Index". World Bank. ????????????????????? 27 July 2018. ??????????? 12 August 2021.
↑ "Human Development Report 2025" (PDF) (??????????). United Nations Development Programme. 6 May 2025. ???? (PDF)????????????????? 6 May 2025. ??????????? 6 May 2025.
↑ "Multiple Factors Behind Thailand's Birth Rate Decline, Experts Say". Voice of America (??????????). 2025-08-06. ??????????? 2025-08-06.
↑ "Land Area". The Government Public Relations Department (??????????). ??????????? 2025-08-06.
↑ "Capital City". The Government Public Relations Department (??????????). ??????????? 2025-08-06.
↑ Nuchkoom Smith, Nucharee; Smith, Robert Brian (1 October 2019). "Has Thailand learnt any Lessons from the Bowring Treaty and the Treaty of Amity?" (PDF). Athens Journal of Law. 5 (4): 405–418. doi:10.30958/ajl.5-4-3. ISSN 2407-9685. S2CID 211453326. ???? (PDF)????????????????? 11 May 2022. ??????????? 17 April 2022.
↑
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↑ ^16.0 ^16.1 ??????? ???????. (2548). ??????????????. ??????????????? ?????? ????? ????? (?????). ISBN 9743236236.
↑ C?dès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (?.?.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
↑ ^18.0 ^18.1 "????????? ??????????????". ??????????????????????????. ??????????????????????????????????? 2025-08-06. ??????????? 2025-08-06.
↑ ??? ?????????? (2541). ???????????????????? ?.?. 2352-2453 ????????????. ?????????????. ISBN 974-08-4124-4. ???? 183.
↑ ^20.0 ^20.1 ^20.2 ^20.3 ??????????????????, ????? (1999). ?????????????. ????????: ?????? ????????????????????????????? ?????. ISBN 974-86261-9-9.
↑ ^21.0 ^21.1 ^21.2 ^21.3 ^21.4 Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017). A History of Ayutthaya. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107190764.
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↑ ^27.0 ^27.1 ^27.2 ^27.3 ^27.4 ^27.5 ?????????, ???????? (2005). ??????: ????????????????????????. ?????????????????????????????. ISBN 9786167202808.
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↑ Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2009). A history of Thailand (2 ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521767687.
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↑ ??????? ????. (2542). ??????????????????????????????????????. ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????. ???? 3.
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↑ ?????????? ???????????? ?.3 ??????? ???????????????? 2 ?????????? ???????????????????????????????
↑ ???????? ?.1 ???????????????????????????? ???????????????
↑ ?????? ???????????????! ???????? ???????????????????????????? ??? 1 ???? 3
↑ ???.??????????????????????????? ?????????????? ?.2 ???????????????????
↑ ??? ??????????? ?.1 ?????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ?.4
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↑ ^205.00 ^205.01 ^205.02 ^205.03 ^205.04 ^205.05 ^205.06 ^205.07 ^205.08 ^205.09 ^205.10 ^205.11 ^205.12 ^205.13 Impact of Demographic Change in Thailand. United Nations Population Fund. 2011. ISBN 978-974-680-287-1.
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???????????????

??????

????????? – ????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????
Mfa.go.th – ????????????????????
Thailand Internet information – ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????? (??????; archived 28 April 2015)

????????????

Thailand. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
????????? ??Library of Congress Country Studies. 1987
Thailand from UCB Libraries GovPubs (archived 7 February 2009)
????????? ??????????? Curlie
Thailand ??? BBC News
????????? ?? Encyclop?dia Britannica
Wikimedia Atlas of Thailand
Longdo Map – ?????????????????????????????????
Key Development Forecasts for Thailand from International Futures
2010 Thailand population census by Economic and Social statistics Bureau

?????????????

?????????????????????????? – ??????????????

???? ?

Thailand Country Fact Sheet from the Common Language Project (archived 31 July 2014)
Southeast Asia Visions. "Browse the Southeast Asia Visions Collection". Cornell University Library.

15°N 101°E? / ?15°N 101°E? / 15; 101

????????????????

?????????

???????????????????? (???.) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??? ???????? (????????) ????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ??? ICD ????????? ???????????????????????? ? ???2568 ???????????????????? (???.) ???????????? 4,507 ???????? (2,801 ????) ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? (2,702.1 ????????) ????????????????????????????? ???????????? (1,234.9 ???????? ???? 767.3 ????) ?????????? (107 ???????? ???? 66 ????) ??????????????????????????

????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? 4 ???? ?????? ??????? BTS, ??????? MRT, ??????? SRT ???????? ?????????? Airport Rail Link ^[1] ?????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 27 ??????? 2537 ?????????????????????????? 2538 ????????????? ^[2]

????????????????????????????? 390,000 ???????? (240,000 ????)^[3] ? ?? ?.?. 2560 ????????????????????? 462,133 ??? ???????????????????? 37 ??????? ????????????????????????????????????? 20 ???????^[4] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????-?????????? ??????????????????????? 4,125 ??? ?? 114 ??????? ??????????? ????????????????? ^[5] ???????????????????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????? 80,647 ??? ? ?? ?.?. 2561, ????? (???????), ???????????????????? ???????????

???????

?????? 75 ??????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2557 ????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? 20% ???????????????????????????????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????????????????? ????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ^[6]^:?17? ???? ?.?. 2565 ?????????????????????????????????????????? 19 ??? 17 ????????

????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2561–2580 (AEDP 2018) ???? 2561 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 30,000 ???????????????? 2580 ^[7] ^[8]

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[GPP58-153] ???? 2558 ??????????????????????????????? 4,437,405 ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????? 11,448 ???????^[151]

[??????-225] ?? ??????????????????????????????????????????

[69] ???? ????????? 9 ??????????????????????? ?.?. 2516 ???????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2519 ????????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2524 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????^[24]^:?558–9?

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??????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????	16.56 ??????????? (2563)	^[117]
??????????????????	3.9% (2560)	^[118]
?????????????????? ? ?????? ? ???????	1.23% (2564) 0.23% (2564)	^[119]
?????????????????????????????	68.0% (2560)	^[120]^:?29?
???????????????	1.2% (2560)	^[118]
??????????????	9.83 ??????????? (?.?. 2565)	^[121]
?????????	8.61% (2559)	^[120]^:?36?
???????????????????????	20.34 ??????????? (2553)	^[122]^:?2?

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